Adjective Clause (Penggunaan Who, Whom, Whose, Which, dll)
Contoh:- I have read the book (that) you just mentioned.
Main Clause: I have read the book.
Subordinate Clause: (that) you just mentioned.
- The lesson (that) she is learning is very difficult.
Main Clause: The lesson is very difficult.
Subordinate Clause: (that) she is learning.
1. Relative Pronoun
- Kata Ganti Orang
Kata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah : Who, Whom, Whose, That
Fungsi :
a. Subjek:
- He paid the money to the man who / that had done the work
b. Objek Kata Kerja:
- He paid the man whom/that he had hired.
c. Objek Kata Depan:
- He paid the man from whom he had borrowed the money.
d. Kata Ganti Kepunyaan:
- This is the girl whose picture you saw.
- Benda, Binatang
Kata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah: Which, that
Fungsi:
a. Subjek:
- Here is a book which/that describes animals.
b. Objek Kata Kerja:
- The chair which/that he broke is being repaired.
c. Objek Kata Depan:
- She was wearing the coat for which she had paid $2,00.
- Waktu
Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: when
- This is the year when the Olympic Games are held.
- Tempat
Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: where
- Here is the house where I live.
- Alasan
Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: when
- Give me one good reason why you did that.
_________________________
1. Relative Pronoun
Yaitu Adjective Clause dengan memakai kata penghubung Relative Pronoun.
- The boy is called Bob. He gave me a present.
- The boy who gave me a present is called Bob. atau
- The boy who is called Bob gave me a present.
- The boy whose radio was stolen is a student.
- The girl whom I gave a special reward is a bright student.
- The bike which I borrowed last week was sold.
Pelajaran tentang ini dibahas lebih lengkap pada Relative Clause. Hal-hal yang perlu ditambahkan di sini, yaitu:
- Kata Why (yang menunjukkan alasan) yang menjadi Adverb
penghubung, mungkin (kadang-kadang) dapat digantikan dengan that atau
kadang-kadang dapat dihilangkan dalam kalimat.
- The reason (that) I came should be obvious to you.
- The reason (why) I came should be obvious to you.
- The reason I came should be obvious to you.
- When atau Where Bering dapat Baling ditukarkan dengan
Preposition yang menunjukkan tempat (a preposition of Place) ditambah
dengan Which.
- The small town in which (= where) I was born has grown to a large metropolis.
- The day on which (= when) they were to leave finally arrived.
- The day that (or when, on which) the trial was to take place was a stormy one.
- Please suggest a good place that (or where) we can meet
- Perubahan dari Adjective Clause menjadi Adjective Phrase.
- Adjective Clause dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase yang menjelaskan noun tanpa ada perubahan arti kalimat.
- Hanya Adjective Clause yang mempunyai subjek pronoun: who, which atau that yang dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase.
- Adjective Clause dengan subjek: whom tidak dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase.
Perhatikan Contoh berikut:
a. Adjective Clause
* The girl who is sitting next to me is Lisa.
==> The boy is playing the piano is Bent.
b. Adjective Phrase
* The girl sitting next to me is Lisa.
==> The boy playing the piano is Bent.
- Cara mengubah Adjective Clause menjadi Adjective Phrase.
(1) Subjek pronoun dan verb be dihilangkan.
* Adjective Clause: The man who is talking to Taylor is from Japan.
* Adjective Phrase: The man talking to Taylor is from Japan.
* Adjective Clause: The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
* Adjective Phrase: The ideas presented in that book are interesting.
* Adjective Clause: Ali is the man who is responsible for preparing the budget.
* Adjective Phrase: Ali is the man responsible for preparing the budget.
* Adjective Clause: The books that are on the shelf are mine.
* Adjective Phrase: The books on the shelf are mine.
(2) Jika tidak ada verb be dalam Adjective Clause, seringkali subjek pronoun dapat dihilangkan dan mengubah kata kerja dalam Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.
* Adjective Clause: English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
* Adjective Phrase: English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.
* Adjective Clause: Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.
* Adjective Phrase: Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.
- Seringkali Adjective Clause digunakan dalam pola: noun + of
which. Pola ini terutama digunakan untuk tulisan bahasa Inggris resmi
(formal written English). Dalam pola ini biasanya Adjective Clause
menerangkan "sesuatu".
* We have an antique table. The top of it has jade inlay.
- We have an antique table, the top of which has jade inlay.
- We toured a 300-year-old house. The exterior of the house consisted of logs cemented with clay.
- We toured a 300-year-old house, the exterior of which consisted of logs cemented with lay.
- Adjective Clause sering digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kuantitas
dengan of. Ungkapan kuantitas mendahului pronoun, dan hanya whom, which,
dan whose yang digunakan dalam pola ini.
Ungkapan kuantitas dengan "of" antara lain: some of, none of, both of, one of, many of, two of, all of, each of, most of, dll.
* There are 20 students in my class. Most of them are from the Outside Java.
--> There are 20 students in my class, most of whom are from the Outside Java.
* He gave several reasons. Only a few of them were valid.
--> He gave several reasons, only a few of which were valid.
- Tanda Baca pada Adjective Clauses
Pedoman umum dalam Tanda Baca pada Adjective Clauses yaitu:
- Jangan menggunakan tanda koma bila Adjective Clause diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi noun yang dijelaskan olehnya.
- Gunakanlah tanda koma bila Adjective Clause hanya berfungsi
untuk memberi informasi tambahan dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk
mengidentifikasi noun yang dijelaskan olehnya.
- Henry whose wife works at a bank came to my house yesterday.
- Alex, whose wife works at a bank, came to my house yesterday.
Sumber : http://blog.unsri.ac.id/iqbal/belajar-english-yuk/adjective-clause-penggunaan-who-whom-whose-which-dll/mrdetail/14729/
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